The careful study of the rubber formulation showed significant benefits through the incorporation of polyol, hydroxypropyl starch, and ZnO. Previously, difficulties related to processing & performance were addressed by adjusting each ingredient loading. Specifically, polypropylene glycol served as the softener, increasing low-temperature flexibilit

A thorough study of the rubber mixture indicated notable enhancements through the inclusion of PPG, modified starch, and zinc oxide. Previously, difficulties related to fabrication and physical properties were mitigated by adjusting individual ingredient concentration. In particular, polypropylene glycol functioned as a softener, enhancing flexibil